von Diana Giebels ; Jana Carus ; Maike Paul ; Michael Kleyer ; Bernd Siebenhüner ; Arne Arns ; Alexander Bartholomä ; Vanessa Miriam Carlow ; Jürgen Jensen ; Britta Tietjen ; Achim Wehrmann ; Boris Schröder
Der Klimawandel bewirkt u.a. einen Meeresspiegelanstieg und eine Zunahme in Häufigkeit und Stärke von Sturmfluten. Dies bedroht wichtige Küstenökosysteme wie Dünen und Salzwiesen. Die vorliegende Arbeit trägt zum Verständnis der biogeomorphologischen Prozesse in diesen Ökosystemen bei. Es wurde experimentell die morphologische Plastizität bei physikalischer Störung von Pionierarten der Küstendünen gezeigt. Diese Plastizität ermöglicht es den Arten auch in dynamischen Ökosystemen mit sich ändernden abiotischen Faktoren, zu überleben. Außerdem konnte experimentell gezeigt werden, dass A. arenaria eine Schlüsselart in Küstendünen und hauptauschlaggebend für deren Resistenz und Resilienz ist. Des Weiteren konnte gezeigt werden, dass funktionelle Merkmale der Vegetation einen Einfluss auf die Höhenänderung von Salzwiesen haben können. Somit konnte diese Arbeit die wichtige Rolle der funktionell beschriebenen Vegetation in Dünen und Salzwiesen aufzeigen.
Current climate crisis is associated with rising sea level and increasing frequency and strength of storm surges. This raises the concern of losing coastal ecosystems such as dunes and salt marshes. This thesis helps to understand the biogeomorphic processes in these coastal ecosystems. The morphological plasticity of dune pioneer species in response to physical disturbance was shown experimentally. This plasticity enables species to survive in dynamic ecosystems with changing abiotic conditions. Further, A. arenaria was shown to be a key species in coastal dunes as it was the main driver for the resistance and resilience of experimental dunes. Lastly, in a study along the North Sea coast it was shown that functional traits can effect surface elevation change in salt marshes. Thus, this thesis demonstrates the importance of functionally described vegetation in coastal dunes and salt marshes.
"The ecosystem services concept has been introduced as a decisive approach to include ecosystem functioning in land-use planning and stakeholder-driven sustainable development. Early integration of stakeholders in participatory processes in the nexus of ecosystem services, climate adaption, and land-use management is still a demanding challenge. This investigation followed a cognitive approach to archetype analysis. We defined cognitive archetypes as recurrent patterns in individual perceptions of social-ecological relations. Our aim was to identify cognitive archetypes based on stakeholders’ perceived relation between land-use elements and ecosystem services as exemplified in a German North Sea coastal region. Land-use elements were spatially explicit and delivered a variety of different ecosystem services. The stakeholders were regional decision makers and experts who represented key societal sectors, i.e., water management, agriculture, nature conservation, regional policy, and tourism. Within a participatory process, these stakeholders individually evaluated a matrix of 19 land-use elements and 18 ecosystem services. In terms of archetype analysis, the stakeholders were considered as different cases, and the evaluation of relationships between land-use elements and ecosystem services built the attributions to identify archetypes. They independently agreed on the relevance of close to one-third of 342 attributions, whereas there was disagreement on approximately two-thirds of the possible attributions. By identifying agreements across different sectors, 2 archetypes in land-use element–ecosystem service attributions were identified. The first archetype built on monofunctional attributions, i.e., one land-use element was relevant for the provision of one ecosystem service. The second archetype described land-use elements attributed to bundles of ecosystem services, indicating multifunctionality of land-use elements. Disagreement can result primarily from sector or individual viewpoints. In the case of disagreements, land-use–ecosystem relationships can reveal archetypical mutually exclusive interests, the third archetype. We found that disagreements were mainly individual and not sector specific. This indicated that individual knowledge on service outputs of multiple land uses differed strongly among the stakeholders, particularly with respect to regulatory services." (Abstract)
Ecology and society Wolfville, Nova Scotia : Resilience Alliance, 2004 Volume 24 (2019), number 2, article 13, 13 Seiten Online-Ressource
Die Studie zielte darauf ab, sozioökonomische und ökologische Faktoren zu integrieren, um das Verständnis der Ursachen und Auswirkungen von Umweltveränderungen zu verbessern. Wir haben wichtige Treiber für die Nutzung des Ökosystems, Ökosystemveränderungen und ihre Beziehungen innerhalb der Mt. Kilimanjaro-Region identifiziert. Wahrnehmungen der Änderung von Landnutzung und Bodenbedeckung, Sammlung von Nichtholz-Waldprodukten und landwirtschaftlichen Aktivitäten werden hervorgehoben. Die wichtigsten Faktoren waren Geschlecht, Alter, Bildung, Haushaltsgröße und Entfernung zu Wäldern. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass jüngere Frauen größerer Haushalte mit geringerem Einkommen und weniger Ackerland häufiger als andere Futter und Brennholz extrahierten. Befragte mit Grundschulbildung stimmten mehr für Ursachen und Auswirkungen von Landnutzungsänderungen und sinkenden Wasserressourcen, die als extern angesehen werden könnten, d. h. nicht unter ihrer direkten Kontrolle stehen, wie z. B. Dürre. Diese Ergebnisse können dazu beitragen, das Management von Ökosystemen besser zu verbessern.
The study aimed at integrating socio-economic and ecological factors to improve the understanding of causes and effects of environmental changes. We identified important drivers of ecosystem use, changes and their relationships within the Mt. Kilimanjaro ecosystem. Perceptions of land use/cover change, collection of non-timber forest products, and agricultural activities are highlighted. The most relevant factors were gender, age, education, household size and distance to forests. Results indicated younger females of larger households with lower income and less cultivated land extracted fodder and firewood more frequently than others. Respondents with primary education voted more for causes and effects of land use change and declining water resources that could be considered as external, i.e. not under their direct control, such as drought. These results can help to better improve ecosystems’ management.
International Long Term Ecological Research Network. Open Science Meeting ((2 : : 2019 : Leipzig)) Book of abstracts Leipzig : ILTER, 2019 (2019), 2 Seiten 1 Online-Ressource (El. zbornik, 1 online resource)
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