Bakteriophagen der Microviridae Familie stellen eine der Hauptklassen von einzelstrangigen (ss)DNA-Phagen dar. Ihre kultivierten Vertreter sind lytisch und infizieren Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes und Chlamydiae. In den Genomen von Bacteroidales, Hyphomicrobiales und Enterobacteriaceae konnten Prophagen vorhergesagt werde und diese gruppieren sich innerhalb der Unterfamilien "Alpavirinae", "Amoyvirinae" und Gokushovirinae. Bereits zuvor wurde der Bakteriophage "Ascunsovirus oldenburgi" ICBM5 aus der Nordsee isoliert und hat sich als entfernt verwandt mit bekannten Microviridae erwiesen. Der neuartige Phage infiziert Sulfitobacter dubius SH24-1b und verwendet dabei sowohl eine lytische als auch eine Trägerzustands-Lebensstrategie. Ein kompletter Infektionszyklus wurde mittels eines kombinierten Versuchsaufbaus aus einstufigen Wachstumskurven und Phagen gerichteter fluorescence in situ Hybridisierung (FISH) durchgeführt und analysiert. Dadurch konnte der Prozentsatz infizierter Zellen sowie die Anzahl viraler Genome pro Zelle im Verlauf einer Infektion quantifiziert werden.
Bacteriophages of the family Microviridae are one of the major clades of ssDNA phages. Their cultivated members are lytic and infect Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Chlamydiae. Prophages have been predicted in genomes from Bacteroidales, Hyphomicrobiales, and Enterobacteriaceae and cluster within the subfamilies "Alpavirinae", "Amoyvirinae" and Gokushovirinae. Previously, the bacteriophage "Ascunsovirus oldenburgi" ICBM5 was isolated from the North Sea and is distantly related to known Microviridae. The novel phage infects Sulfitobacter dubius SH24-1b and uses both a lytic and a carrier-state life strategy. An entire infection cycle was analysed in replicates using a combinational approach of one-step growth curves and phage targeted direct-geneFISH. Thereby, the percentage of infected cells as well as the number of viral genomes per cell could be quantified over the course of an infection.
Essential oils (EOs) and their individual volatile organic constituents have been an inherent part of our civilization for thousands of years. They are widely used as fragrances in perfumes and cosmetics and contribute to a healthy diet, but also act as active ingredients of pharmaceutical products. Their antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory properties have qualified EOs early on for both, the causal and symptomatic therapy of a number of diseases, but also for prevention. Obtained from natural, mostly plant materials, EOs constitute a typical example of a multicomponent mixture (more than one constituent substances, MOCS) with up to several hundreds of individual compounds, which in a sophisticated composition make up the property of a particular complete EO. The integrative use of EOs as MOCS will play a major role in human and veterinary medicine now and in the future and is already widely used in some cases, e.g., in aromatherapy for the treatment of psychosomatic complaints, for inhalation in the treatment of respiratory diseases, or topically administered to manage adverse skin diseases. The diversity of molecules with different functionalities exhibits a broad range of multiple physical and chemical properties, which are the base of their multi-target activity as opposed to single isolated compounds. Whether and how such a broad-spectrum effect is reflected in natural mixtures and which kind of pharmacological potential they provide will be considered in the context of ONE Health in more detail in this review.
Frontiers in pharmacology Lausanne : Frontiers Media, 2010 13(2022) vom: Aug., Artikel-ID 956541, Seite 1-25 Online-Ressource
von Daniele De Corte ; Marta M. Varela ; Angeles M. Louro ; Sarah K. Bercovici ; Joaquín Valencia-Vila ; Eva Sintes ; Federico Baltar ; Tamara Rodríguez-Ramos ; Meinhard Simon ; Antonio Bode ; Thorsten Dittmar ; Jutta Niggemann
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