Faced with the demographic shift to a smaller and older labour force, the recruitment of migrants and their successful integration into the labour force is an essential challenge for all European countries. This article discusses the immigrant-native gap regarding the risk of overeducation for 28 European countries on the basis of the EU-LFS 2021 ad hoc module. Immigrants’ higher overeducation risks are interpreted as the result of processes of legal closure and statistical and taste-based discrimination. Higher overeducation rates of third-country nationals (TCNs) in contrast to EU migrants indicate that EU citizenship reduces discrimination and facilitates the recognition of educational certificates—they are skill-preserving devices for EU citizens but not for TCNs. The large overeducation rates in Southern Europe can be explained by segmented labour markets with higher unemployment and lower skill requirements increasing overeducation risks, particularly for TCNs. Moreover, it can be shown that EU citizenship, a higher educational level of the population, and more inclusive labour markets facilitate the occupational integration of immigrants.
European societies Cambridge, MA : MIT Press, 1999 27(2025), 4, Seite 784-814 Online-Ressource
Angesichts des vielfach diagnostizierten und zunehmenden Zusammenhangs zwischen der familialen Herkunft und dem Schulerfolg von Kindern stellt sich die Frage, ob auch der Zusammenhang zwischen Schulabsentismus und der sozialen Herkunft sich verändert hat. Die Forschungsnotiz greift mit Bezug auf die Kapital-Theorie von James Coleman diese Frage auf und analysiert anhand der PISA-Daten (von 2012, 2015, 2018, 2022), ob sich der Einfluss der sozialen Herkunft auf das Absentismusverhalten in den letzten zehn Jahren verändert hat. Die empirischen Analysen verweisen dabei auf zwei Aspekte: 1) Schulabsentismus hat zwischen den Jahren 2012 und 2022 deutlich zugenommen. 2) Für das Jahr 2022 zeigt sich zum ersten Mal ein signifikant negativer Zusammenhang zwischen dem familialen Hintergrund und dem Risiko von Schulabsentismus - trotz Kontrolle weiterer zentraler Variablen. Damit setzt sich der Trend fort, dass die soziale Herkunft eine zunehmende Rolle für den Bildungsverlauf und Schulerfolg der Heranwachsenden spielt. Darüber hinaus deuten die Daten auf eine Veränderung des Einflusses nach der COVID-19-Pandemie hin.
In view of the frequently diagnosed and increasing correlation between family background and children’s success at school, the question arises as to whether the correlation between truancy and social background has also increased. The research note takes up this question with reference to James Coleman’s capital theory and uses the PISA data (from 2012, 2015, 2018, and 2022) to analyse whether the influence of social background on truancy behaviour has changed over the last 10 years. The empirical analyses point to two things: (1) Absenteeism has increased significantly between 2012 and 2022, and (2) for the year 2022, a significant negative correlation between family background and the risk of truancy was found for the first time-despite other key variables having been controlled for. This continues the trend of social background playing an increasing role in the educational trajectory and school success of adolescents. Furthermore, the data indicate a change in influence after the COVID-19 pandemic.
Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie Berlin : Springer, 2000 77(2025), Seite 247-269 Online-Ressource
A crucial function of wealth is to protect individuals from the consequences of adverse life events. However, sometimes wealth also implies additional financial risks. In addition to the insurance function of homeownership (the most common form of wealth), we therefore also examine financial squeezes that reflect the indebtedness and social embeddedness of homeowners and limit their options for dealing with social risks. A third hypothesis expects a trade‐off between social protection and homeownership. Taking the example of unemployment, we examine the effects of short‐term unemployment on the perceived financial situation of households based on data derived from EU‐SILC for 27 European countries. It can be shown that debt‐free homeownership reduces financial stress in the case of unemployment compared to tenants and indebted owners. A debt‐free home thus offers an additional buffer and insurance against the financial consequences of unemployment. However, indebted homeowners are particularly hard hit by unemployment because they have to use all their financial resources to pay off their mortgages. Finally, we did not find a trade‐off but a cumulation of advantages due to homeownership and generous unemployment benefits in countries with high net replacement rates.
Social Inclusion Lisbon : Cogitatio Press, 2013 11(2023), 1, Seite 163-175 Online-Ressource
