41st International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering 2012 (INTER-NOISE 2012) ; Vol. 6 Red Hook : Curran, 2013 (2013), Seite 4409-4416 S. 4382 - 5261
The influence of different properties of speech-like signals on loudness was investigated by measuring levels at equal loudness in normal-hearing listeners for 22 speech-like stimuli using categorical loudness scaling and an adaptive matching procedure. Eight of the stimuli, referred to as unprocessed stimuli, had the same speech-like long-term spectrum, but differed in other speech-related properties, ranging from a stationary noise over speech-modulated signals to real intelligible and unintelligible speech. The other stimuli were designed to investigate the influence of severe modifications of speech-related properties due to spectral filtering, reverberation, compression, and expansion on loudness. In general, results were similar for both measurement methods and revealed only small effects of temporal modulations on loudness perception, and no influence of intelligibility or reverberation. Even severe modifications of the stimuli by highpass-filtering and expansion did not affect levels at equal loudness. Only lowpass-filtering significantly decreased loudness and compression significantly increased loudness. The experimental results indicate that the long-term spectrum of speech has a major influence on loudness while other properties of speech only have a minor contribution. Some of the results could not be predicted by loudness models based on short-term loudness. Instead, longer time constants were required to not overestimate the loudness of time-varying speech-like sounds.
Acta acustica united with acustica Stuttgart : Hirzel, 2002 99(2013), 2, Seite 268-282 Online-Ressource
Acoustical Society of America The journal of the Acoustical Society of America Melville, NY : AIP Publ., 1929 Bd. 133.2013, 4, S. EL314-EL319 Online-Ressource