This thesis establishes exciton-polaritons in transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) structures as a versatile platform for the emulation of quantum many-body systems via integration of TMD monolayers into tunable open microcavities and engineering of complex photonic landscapes through FIB-milling. Key milestones include the realization of 1D SSH lattices, enabling the identification of topological defect states and the direct quantification of the Zak-phase. Furthermore, the work explores moiré heterostructures, revealing Mott insulator states and correlated magnetism on triangular spin lattices, characterized by giant g-factors. Ultimately, this work demonstrates that artificial polariton lattices provide a highly controllable solid-state environment to investigate topology, many-body physics, and the interplay between lattice-ordered charges and spins under strong light-matter coupling.
Diese Dissertation etabliert Exzitonen-Polaritonen in Übergangsmetall-Dichalkogenid-Strukturen (TMD) als vielseitige Plattform für die Emulation von Quanten-Vielteilchensystemen. Realisiert durch die Integration von TMD-Monolagen in abstimmbare offene Mikrokavitäten sowie das Design komplexer photonischer Einschlusspotentiale mittels FIB-Strukturierung. Wichtige Meilensteine umfassen die Realisierung von 1D SSH Gittern, welche die Identifizierung topologischer Defektzustände und die direkte Quantifizierung der Zak-Phase ermöglichten. Darüber hinaus untersucht die Arbeit Moiré-Heterostrukturen und weist Mott-Isolator-Zustände sowie korrelierten Magnetismus auf dreieckigen Spin-Gittern nach. Letztlich zeigt diese Arbeit, dass künstliche Polaritonengitter eine hochgradig kontrollierbare experimentelle Plattform bieten, um Topologie, Vielteilchenphysik und das Zusammenspiel zwischen gittergeordneten Ladungen und Spins unter starker Licht-Materie-Kopplung zu untersuchen.
Background - Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized melanoma treatment, but the high number of non-responders still emphasizes the need for improvement of therapy. One potential avenue for enhancing anti-tumor treatment is through the modulation of coagulation and platelet activity. Both have been found to play an important role in the tumor microenvironment, tumor growth and metastasis. Preclinical studies indicate a beneficial effect, clinical data has been inconsistent. - Methods - We examined a cohort of advanced, non-resectable melanoma patients (n = 2419) derived from the German prospective multicenter skin cancer registry ADOReg, who were treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). The patients were classified based on whether it was documented that they received platelet aggregation inhibition (PAI) (n = 137) (acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) or clopidogrel), anticoagulation (AC) (n = 185) (direct oral anticoagulation (DOAC), phenprocoumon, heparins) at the start of ICI or no antithrombotic medication (n = 2097) at any point during ICI treatment. The study endpoints were best overall response (BOR), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). - Results - A significantly improved PFS was observed in patients documented to receive ASA (15.1 vs 6.4 months, HR 0.67, 95 % CI: 0.5 to 0.88, p = 0.0047) as well as in patients to receive AC (15.1 vs. 6.4 months, HR 0.7, 95 % CI: 0.53 to 0.91, p = 0.01) compared to patients for whom no antithrombotic medication was documented. Multivariate analysis of OS showed significant risk reduction in patients who received DOAC (HR 0.68, 95 % CI: 0.49 to 0.92, p = 0.0170) or phenprocoumon (HR: 0.44, 95 % CI: 0.19 to 0.85, p = 0.0301). - Conclusion - Our study indicates a positive prognostic effect of anticoagulant and antiplatelet concomitant medication in melanoma patients receiving ICI. Further studies are needed to confrim the cancer-related benefit of adding anticoagulation or platelet inhibition to ICI treatment.
European journal of cancer Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier, 1992 214(2025) vom: Jan., Artikel-ID 115159, Seite 1-11
Online verfügbar: 13. Februar 2025 ; Gesehen am 10.09.2025
Background - In the ESCAPE-NA1 trial, treatment with nerinetide, an eicosapeptide that interferes with post-synaptic density protein 95, was associated with improved functional outcome among patients with acute ischaemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion undergoing endovascular thrombectomy without co-treatment with an intravenous thrombolytic agent. There was no benefit when intravenous thrombolytic agent co-treatment was used. We sought to confirm the clinical benefit of nerinetide in the absence of previous intravenous thrombolytic drug treatment. - Methods - In this multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, done in 77 centres in Canada (16), the USA (16), Germany (21), Italy (four), the Netherlands (three), Norway (four), Switzerland (three), Australia (eight), and Singapore (two), we enrolled patients with acute ischaemic stroke due to anterior circulation large vessel occlusion within 12 h from onset. Eligible patients were aged 18 years or older with a disabling ischaemic stroke at the time of randomisation (baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] score >5), who had been functioning independently in the community (Barthel Index score >90) before the stroke, had Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) greater than 4, and who were not treated with a plasminogen activator. Patients were randomly allocated (1:1) to receive intravenous infusion of nerinetide in a single dose of 2·6 mg/kg, up to a maximum dose of 270 mg, based upon estimated or actual weight (if known) or saline placebo using a real-time, dynamic, internet-based, stratified randomised minimisation procedure. All patients underwent endovascular thrombectomy. The primary outcome was a favourable functional outcome 90 days from randomisation, defined as a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0-2. The analysis was by intention to treat and adjusted for time from stroke onset to randomisation (≤4·5 h [yes or no]), age, sex, baseline NIHSS score, occlusion location, time from qualifying imaging to randomisation, baseline ASPECTS, and region. Secondary outcomes were measures of mortality, worsening of stroke, improved functional independence, and measures of neurological disability. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04462536. - Findings - From Dec 6, 2020, to Jan 31, 2023, 850 patients were assigned to receive nerinetide (n=454) or placebo (n=396). 206 (45%) participants in the nerinetide group and 181 (46%) participants in the placebo group achieved an mRS score of 0-2 at 90 days (odds ratio 0·97, 95% CI 0·72-1·30; p=0·82). Serious adverse events occurred equally between groups. - Interpretation - While nerinetide did not improve outcomes in patients with acute ischaemic stroke, it was not associated with excess adverse events. Further study is needed to identify the ideal timing of treatment and the sub-population of stroke patients who might benefit from treatment combined with current reperfusion therapies. - Funding - Canadian Institutes for Health Research and NoNO.
The lancet London [u.a.] : Elsevier, 1823 405(2025), 10478 vom: Feb., Seite 560-570 Online-Ressource
Proceedings of the 30th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Association for Computing Machinery, 2024 (2024), Artikel-ID 94, Seite 1-2 633 p.
von Yago del Valle Inclan Redondo ; Xingran Xu ; Timothy C. H. Liew ; Elena A. Ostrovskaya ; Alexander Stegmaier ; Ronny Thomale ; Christian Schneider ; Siddhartha Dam ; Sebastian Klembt ; Seigo Tarucha ; Michael D. Fraser
von Jonathan Jurkat ; Sebastian Klembt ; Marco De Gregorio ; Moritz Meinecke ; Quirin Buchinger ; Tristan H. Harder ; Johannes Beierlein ; Oleg A. Egorov ; Monika Emmerling ; Constantin Krause ; Christian Schneider ; Tobias Huber-Loyola ; Sven Höfling
von Navid Farassat ; Daniel Böhringer ; Sebastian Küchlin ; Fanni E. Molnár ; Anne Schwietering ; Dorina Seger ; Martin J. Hug ; Anja-Birte Knöbel ; Sabine Schneider-Fuchs ; Gabriele Ihorst ; Bettina Kathrin Wabbels ; Christina Beisse ; Focke Ziemssen ; Frank Schüttauf ; Andrea Martina Hedergott ; Theresia Ring-Mangold ; Claudia Schuart ; Armin Wolf ; Stefanie Schmickler ; Julia Biermann ; Philipp Eberwein ; Karsten Hufendiek ; Anja Eckstein ; Gabriele Gusek-Schneider ; Michael Peter Schittkowski ; Thomas Lischka ; Wolf A. Lagrèze
Clinical trials; Medical ophthalmology; OPHTHALMOLOGY; Paediatric ophthalmology
Introduction Myopia is a major cause of degenerative eye disease and increases the risk of secondary visual impairment. Mitigating its progression therefore has great potential of clinically relevant benefit as shown by using highly diluted atropine eye drops in children of Asian origin. However, limited evidence is available regarding the efficacy and safety of low-dose atropine therapy in non-Asian populations. Hence, the Low-dose AtropIne for Myopia Control in Children (AIM) study will test the efficacy and safety of 0.02% atropine vs placebo in a German population. - Methods and analysis AIM is a national, multicentre, prospective, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial with two parallel arms. The primary objective is to assess the efficacy of atropine 0.02% eyedrops for myopia control in children of Caucasian origin. The primary outcome is the change in cycloplegic refraction after 1 year of treatment (D/year). Secondary and tertiary outcome measures comprise the change in axial length (mm/year) in children treated with 0.02% atropine compared with placebo, the myopic progression of participants treated with 0.01% compared with 0.02% atropine (D/year and mm/year), and the safety profile of both 0.02% and 0.01% atropine. Furthermore, the myopic progression 1 year after cessation of therapy with 0.02% atropine will be evaluated. Inclusion criteria are an age of 8-12 years and myopia of −1 D to −6 D with an estimated annual myopia progression of ≥0.5 D. After randomisation, patients will receive either atropine 0.02% (arm A) or placebo eye drops (arm B) in the first year of treatment. In the second year, they will continue to receive atropine 0.02% (arm A) or switch to atropine 0.01% (arm B). In the third year, they will switch to placebo (arm A) or continue with atropine 0.01% (arm B). To achieve a statistical power of 80%, the calculated sample size is 300. The trial has started in October 2021 with a planned recruitment period of 18 months. - Ethics and dissemination AIM has been approved by the Central Ethics Committee of the University Medical Center Freiburg (21-1106), local ethics committees of each participating centre and the German Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (61-3910-4044659). It complies with the Declaration of Helsinki, local laws and ICH-GCP. Results and underlying data from this trial will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. - Trial registration number NCT03865160.
BMJ open London : BMJ Publishing Group, 2011 13(2023), 4, Artikel-ID e068822, Seite 1-11 Online-Ressource
