von Leor Barack ; Vitor Cardoso ; Samaya Nissanke ; Thomas P. Sotiriou ; Abbas Askar ; Chris Belczynski ; Gianfranco Bertone ; Edi Bon ; Diego Blas ; Richard Brito ; Tomasz Bulik ; Clare Burrage ; Christian T. Byrnes ; Chiara Caprini ; Masha Chernyakova ; Piotr Chruściel ; Monica Colpi ; Valeria Ferrari ; Daniele Gaggero ; Jonathan Gair ; Juan García-Bellido ; S. F. Hassan ; Lavinia Heisenberg ; Martin Hendry ; Ik Siong Heng ; Carlos Herdeiro ; Tanja Hinderer ; Assaf Horesh ; Bradley J. Kavanagh ; Bence Kocsis ; Michael Kramer ; Alexandre Le Tiec ; Chiara Mingarelli ; Germano Nardini ; Gijs Nelemans ; Carlos Palenzuela ; Paolo Pani ; Albino Perego ; Edward K. Porter ; Elena M. Rossi ; Patricia Schmidt ; Alberto Sesana ; Ulrich Sperhake ; Antonio Stamerra ; Leo C. Stein ; Nicola Tamanini ; Thomas M. Tauris ; L. Arturo Urena-López ; Frederic Vincent ; Marta Volonteri ; Barry Wardell ; Norbert Wex ; Kent Yagi ; Tiziano Abdelsalhin ; Miguel Ángel Aloy ; Pau Amaro-Seoane ; Lorenzo Annulli ; Claus Lämmerzahl ; Jutta Kunz ; Lucas Gardai Collodel ; Jose Luis Blázquez-Salcedo ; Manuel Arca-Sedda
The grand challenges of contemporary fundamental physics—dark matter, dark energy, vacuum energy, inflation and early universe cosmology, singularities and the hierarchy problem—all involve gravity as a key component. And of all gravitational phenomena, black holes stand out in their elegant simplicity, while harbouring some of the most remarkable predictions of General Relativity: event horizons, singularities and ergoregions. The hitherto invisible landscape of the gravitational Universe is being unveiled before our eyes: the historical direct detection of gravitational waves by the LIGO-Virgo collaboration marks the dawn of a new era of scientific exploration. Gravitational-wave astronomy will allow us to test models of black hole formation, growth and evolution, as well as models of gravitational-wave generation and propagation. It will provide evidence for event horizons and ergoregions, test the theory of General Relativity itself, and may reveal the existence of new fundamental fields. The synthesis of these results has the potential to radically reshape our understanding of the cosmos and of the laws of Nature. The purpose of this work is to present a concise, yet comprehensive overview of the state of the art in the relevant fields of research, summarize important open problems, and lay out a roadmap for future progress. This write-up is an initiative taken within the framework of the European Action on ‘Black holes, Gravitational waves and Fundamental Physics’.
Classical and quantum gravity Bristol : IOP Publ., 1984 36(2019), 14, Artikel-ID 143001, Seite 1-178 Online-Ressource
Modernizing the Academic Teaching and Research Environment Cham : Springer, 2018 (2018), Seite 71-78 Online-Ressource (X, 208 p. 50 illus, online resource)
Association for Information Systems Mediterranean Conference on Information Systems Atlanta, Ga. : AIS, 2006 (2017), Art.-Nr. 1, inges. 11 Seiten Online-Ressource
In dieser Studie konnte eine Beleuchtungs-induzierte Veränderung der Minoritätsladungsträgerdiffusionslänge bei Cu(In,Ga)Se2-Solarzellen beobachtet werden. Bei erhöhter Temperatur unter Beleuchtung (Light Soaking) zeigten die Zellen den bekannten metastabilen Anstieg der Leerlaufspannung, sowie eine metastabile Reduzierung der Stromsammeleffizienz (reversibel bei gleicher Temperatur im Dunkeln). Teilweise kann dies durch eine Erhöhung der Dotierungsdichte oder eine reduzierte Raumladungszonenweite verursacht werden, wie CV-Messungen belegen. Untersuchungen der zeitaufgelösten Photolumineszenz zeigen, dass darüber hinaus die Minoritätsträgerlebensdauer nach dem Light-Soaking absinkt. Da die Diffusionslänge proportional zu der mittleren Lebensdauer der Überschussladungsträger ist, kann die Abnahme in der Stromsammeleffizienz als eine direkte Folge darauf zurückgeführt werden, wobei diese Effekte durch Änderung des metastabilen elektronischen Defekte erklärt werden können. <dt.>
In this study strong evidence for an illumination-induced change in minority charge carrier diffusion length is given for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells. After annealing under illumination (light soaking) the cells show the well-known metastable increase in open circuit voltage, but also a metastable reduction in current collection efficiency (which can be reversed by annealing in the dark). Partly, this can be attributed to an increase in doping density causing a reduced space charge region width as verified by capacitance-voltage profiling. Nevertheless, by using time-resolved photoluminescence measurements we found that minority carrier lifetime is reduced after white light soaking. Since the diffusion length is proportional to the average lifetime of the excess charge carriers, the modification in current collection efficiency during to light soaking procedure is a direct consequence of those effects, which can be explained by a metastable change of electronic defects. <engl.>
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