von Aurora Dollenberg ; Sebastian Moeller ; Caroline Lücke ; Ruihao Wang ; Alexandra Philomena Lam ; Alexandra Philipsen ; Jürgen M. Gschossmann ; Falk Hoffmann ; Helge H. O. Müller
Nach einer lebensbedrohlichen Erkrankung wie Herzinfarkt, TIA (transitorische ischämische Attacke, engl. Transient Ischemic Attack) oder Schlaganfall kann es u. a. zum Auftreten einer chronischen PTSD (posttraumatische Belastungsstörung, engl. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder) kommen. Die Prävalenz der chronischen PTSD von Herzinfarkt-/TIA-/Schlaganfallpatienten betrug 23,2 %. Die Erfahrung eines Herzinfarktes, einer TIA oder eines Schlaganfalls erhöht das Risiko der Entwicklung einer chronischen PTSD und der damit verbundenen Depression, Angst und reduzierten Lebensqualität sowie dem maladaptiven Coping. Es wurde festgestellt, dass adaptives Coping positiv mit der psychischen Lebensqualität sowie negativ mit Angst und Depression zusammenhängt. Dagegen scheinen Variablen wie Alter, Geschlecht, Familienstand, Kinderzahl, Ausbildungsniveau sowie Krankheitsdauer oder maladaptives Coping bei keiner der untersuchten Patientenpopulationen eine Rolle zu spielen. Der Schweregrad der Studienerkrankungen wies keinen Zusammenhang mit der Ausprägung der PTSD, Depression, Angst oder körperlichen Lebensqualität auf. Die weiblichen und älteren Patienten hatten eine geringere gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität
After a life-threatening disease such as heart attack, TIA (transient ischemic attack) or stroke it is possible to develop a chronic PTSD (posttraumatic stress disorder). The prevalence of chronic PTSD of patients with heart attack, TIA and stroke, respectively, was 23,2 %. The experience of a heart attack, a TIA or a stroke increases the risk of developing chronic PTSD and the associated depression, anxiety, reduced quality of life und maladaptive coping. The present study found that adaptive coping is positively related to mental quality of life and negatively related to anxiety and depression. By contrast, variables such as age, gender, marital status, number of children, level of education, duration of illness or maladaptive coping do not seem to play a role in any of the investigated patient populations. The severity of study diseases was not related to the development of PTSD, depression, anxiety or physical quality of life. Female und elderly patients had a lower health-related quality of life.
Aerobic exercise can improve cognitive functions in healthy individuals and in various clinical groups, which might be particularly relevant for patients with ADHD. This study investigated the effects of a single bout of aerobic exercise on attention and executive functions in adult patients with ADHD, including functional MRI to examine the underlying neural mechanisms. On two different days, 23 adult patients with ADHD and 23 matched healthy controls performed in a flanker task, while functional MR images were collected, following 30 min of continuous stationary cycling with moderate intensity as well as after a control condition (watching a movie). Behavioral performance and brain activation were tested for differences between groups and conditions and for interactions to investigate whether exercise improves executive function to a greater extent in patients compared to healthy controls. Exercise significantly improved reaction times in congruent and incongruent trials of the flanker task in patients with ADHD but not in healthy controls. We found no changes in brain activation between the two conditions for either group. However, a subgroup analysis of ADHD patients with a higher degree of cardiorespiratory fitness revealed decreased activation in premotor areas during congruent trials and in premotor and medial frontal cortex during incongruent trials in the exercise compared to the control condition. Our results indicate exercise-induced improvements in attention and processing speed in patients with ADHD, demonstrating that adult patients with ADHD may benefit from an acute bout of exercise. These findings could be of high relevance for developing alternative treatment approaches for ADHD. In addition, results of the current study contribute to elucidate the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of exercise on cognition and to better understand the role of cardiorespiratory fitness on these effects.
Frontiers in psychiatry Lausanne : Frontiers Research Foundation, 2007 Bd. 10.2019, Artikel 132, insges. 15 S. Online-Ressource
